Paragraph

Paragraph

Your skills of writing Paragraph will make you a perfect man.If you look at any printed prose book, you will see that each chapter is divided up into sections, the first line of each being indented slightly to the right. These sections are called Paragraph. Chapters, essays and other prose compositions are broken up into paragraphs, to make the reading of them easier.

For the beginning of a new paragraph marks a change of topic or a step in the development of an argument or of a story. In writing essays or other compositions, it is important to know how to divide them properly into paragraphs. For an essay not broken up, looks uninteresting and is not easy to read.

Definition

A paragraph is a number of sentences grouped together and relating to one topic. Or, a group of related sentences that develop a single point.

This definition shows that the paragraphs of compositions are not mere arbitrary divisions. The division of a chapter into paragraphs must be made according to the changes of ideas introduced.

There is, therefore, no rule as to the length of a paragraph. It may be short or long according to the necessity of the case. A paragraph may consist of a single sentence or of many sentences.

In this aspect, the paragraphs of a piece of prose differ from the stanzas of verses of a poem. The stanza of a poem are usually of the same length and pattern but paragraphs are long or short according to the amount of matter to be expressed under each head.

The Principle of Good Paragraph Structure:

A good paragraph should have three aspects.

1. Unity

2. Order

3. Variety

Now let us see what they are.

1. Unity:

The first and most important principle to be observed in constructing a paragraph is that of UNITY.Just as each sentence deals with one thought, each paragraph must deal with one topic or idea – and with no more than one. In writing an essay, for example, every head, and every sub-head, should have its own paragraph to itself. And every sentence in the paragraph must be closely connected with the main topic of the paragraph. The paragraph and every part of it must be the expression of one theme or topic.

Note: A good practice is to read a chapter in a book, and give a short heading or title to each paragraph, which will express in a word or brief phrase the subject of the paragraph.

2. ORDER

The second principle of paragraph construction is Order – that is, logical sequence of thought or development of the subject. Events must be related in the order of their occurrence, and all ideas should be connected with the leading idea and arranged according to their importance or order.

Note: The two most important sentences in the paragraph are the first and the last. The first, which should as a rule be the topical sentence, should arouse the interest of the reader; and the last should satisfy it. The first, or topical, sentence states the topic – a fact, a statement, or a proposition; the last should bring the whole paragraph on the topic to a conclusion, or summing up.

3. VARIETY

A third principle of paragraph construction is Variety, by which is meant that, to avoid monotony, the paragraph of a composition should be of different lengths, and not always of the same sentence construction.

To sum up :



The essentials of good paragraph construction are:

(1) Unity

(2) A good topical sentence

(3) Logical sequence of thought

(4) Variety

(5) A full and rounded final sentence in conclusion

Now let us examine a few paragraphs by standard authors in illustration of these principles of paragraph construction.

Basic Human Rights

Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace

In the present civilized world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter,
education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights
derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc ----- all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of
the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be
considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO‘s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialized in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all.

Internet: A window of multidimensional communication

 Internet: A window of multidimensional communication

In the modern global world Internet is the easiest and cheapest way of communication. It is a new device for speedy transmission of notion, information, news, feelings etc. in the process of computer networks. De facto, Internet is the network of all Intranets and networks in the world. To have an Internet connection we need a speedy computer, modem, telephone line and the help of an ISP (Internet Service Provider). The ISP maintains all accounts of Internet users. When a user sends messages from his computer, the modem processes them and sends them to the ISP and finally the server of the ISP sends them to the destination. Nowadays this type of Internet connection is going to be obsolete because the new broadband Internet connection is providing the users with the advantages of Internet access without telephone wires. It is done with the help of an antenna and some other required devices. Moreover, the broadband Internet connection can provide the users with all types of modern communication facilities at the cheapest rate. Our T & T Board has already introduced VAST in our country by which the users can have a connection without telephone line through wires. As a result, cellular telephone or mobile phone is being used in our country. Now cellular phone provides the advantages of Internet connection. However, through Internet we can access any information-zone of the world having only a click on the computer's mouse. We can
exchange our views and ideas with others and simultaneously can have an Internet chat with the help of IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and with many other popular programmes. In modern transaction Internet is providing us with the facilities of Ready-Cash, MasterCard, Visa-Card and what not. Now text as well as image is possible to be sent simultaneously through Internet. Besides these, through Internet the users can get advantages of voicemail, email, telephone, web-phone, fax, telex, and video-conference. But for video-conference the users need a web-camera or a digital video camera. Through Internet video-conference one can enjoy the other's movie-live pictures with audio-visual options. Through Internet one can search / browse other's homepage and can download any information not only from the web-site but also from any corner of stored information. Except these, Internet plays a vital role in entertainment and education. Web TV and 3-D online games cannot be ignored. Britannica, Encarta Encyclopedia, online educational help have opened a new dimension of education. But sometimes the youngsters enjoy obscene pictures and movies that may hamper their moral characters. After all, we can opine that Internet communication is
now regarded as a milestone in the modern communicative world.

Cyber Cafe

Cyber Cafe

Cyber Cafe is the centre where the Internet users can have an easy access to get all types of information. In a cyber cafe there are arranged many computers with Internet connection. Here one can use Internet paying the required amount of money. Different types of people come to a cyber cafe in quest of different types of information. The modern cyber cafe is established providing the users with all sorts of facilities including fast food facilities. Most of the students go to a cyber cafe to get help from various educational corners. At times they collect information of different universities of the world for higher education and sometimes for better job. Those days are not so far when the students can take their class lecture from anywhere of the worlds. It is also sure that some users go to a cyber cafe for gossiping with their friends through Internet. Again, one can have a telephone call with the help of net2phone and with other popular programmes and devices. Some users go there with a view to checking their emails. Some are compelled to go to a cyber cafe because their telephone lines at home remain busy with normal phoning. Going to a cyber cafe the users can get the advantages of voicemail, email, telephone, web-phone, fax, telex and even video conference. But for video conference the cyber cafe requires a web camera or a digital video camera that gives the facility of enjoying movie-live pictures each other of the users. Nowadays a physician can treat a patient staying in other country through Internet. Moreover, the modern professional doctors are getting opportunities to make themselves up-to-date and becoming familiar with the new and latest
systems of treatments. Besides these, all types of learners are to go to a cyber cafe not only for solving their perspective problems but also for having an acquisition of wisdom from the online Encarta Encyclopedia, Britannica and many others. Browsing homepage and purchase-corner, the users can learn the price, quality etc of different products of different companies; and they can order them sending MasterCard, Visa-Card, Ready-Cash etc. through Internet. One can download freeware software, virus protection tools and many other essentials from the web-site of Internet. Web-TV, 3-D games, virtual reality, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and so on cannot but excite our mind with entertainment. But the youngsters sometimes enjoy the taboo and obscene pictures and movies that may harm their moral characters. Moreover, they may spend time and money more than necessary. After all, we can say that cyber cafe is getting more and more popular day by day for its great importance.

Terrorism/Anarchy/Violence

Terrorism/Anarchy/Violence

Terrorism or anarchy or violence is a fatal disease in society. It means the supreme reign of lawlessness for the inability of government to control. During a period of terrorism, lawlessness is seen to reign supreme.It demolishes tranquility and peace in normal life. For the disturbance of peace, our civilized life falls into a great threat and our life becomes beck and call of terrorists. This ill condition of society urges others to extend the brutal passions of mind. It destroys the standard of social norms and behavior which encourage the finer shades of feeling. On the other hand, in the absence of the law and order situation, man is compelled to become cruel, brutal, greedy, selfish and more concerned with personal than general welfare. In a state of anarchy, terrorism gets the upper hand. The law enforcing agencies also become passive. College and university students are being engaged in violence throwing their main duty of study to dust. Even the teachers are growing unconcerned about the welfare of the students. The basic principles of democracy for which they are shouting are going to be slaughtered at their hands. Everyone gets interested to take law in his own hand and most of us become passive spectators. Killing, looting, hijacking, kidnapping, teasing, threatening and other anti-social activities become the order of the day. Everywhere prevails a state of restlessness. Rules and regulations of every sector become polluted which bar all development works. So, if we want to develop and survive peacefully in the society, we have to endeavor all together to stop terrorism and to eradicate its root-source.

Satellite TV Channels

 Satellite TV Channels

Satellite TV is one of the greatest achievements of modern science. Now it is regarded as the medium of information, entertainment, telecast, education and many others. It can telecast any live programme from the remotest part of the world. Satellite TV can display many programmes at a time. With the help of satellite, world has turned into a global village. Now we can watch Australian, British or American TV programmes sitting before our own TV set. Satellite TV has added a new dimension in our oriented life providing many programmes through different channels. It‘s not only a good medium of recreation but also a source educational knowledge. Different channels telecast various educative dramas, movies, sports, cultural functions, news and articles. So we can easily collect educative information of agriculture, science and technology, politics, education, business, invention etc. Satellite TV helps us widespread the sight and outlook of the society. Coming to contact with the western societies, we are getting the opportunities to enrich our society and ourselves. But on the other hand, many people especially young generations are getting hampered and we all are now forgetting our own customs, traditions, music and culture. Very often obscene pictures and vulgar movies and programmes are shown in various satellite channels. Young generations are becoming more and more addicted to them. Moreover, most of us want to follow the
dress-pattern, hairstyle, behavior, music and nudity of the westerns. This mentality is leading our young generations to moral degradation. So, we all should be conscious of that.

Natural Calamities of Bangladesh

Natural Calamities of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is called the land of natural calamities.The prime natural disasters of this country are flood, storm, cyclone, drought and famine. Flood visits our country every year due to heavy rainfall. It is the most devastating one of all natural calamities. It takes a serious turn in the monsoon. Due to heavy rain, most of the rivers overflow their banks and thus cause flood. It washes away different types of crops, cattle, homes and properties. The devastating floods in the years of 1988 and 1998 are very remarkable. Most of the districts in the southwest of Bangladesh had been inundated violently. Storm is not less destructive than flood. Storm causes abrupt damage to our life and property. Affected people cannot get the opportunity to save themselves nor their properties. It blows away our homes, trees, cattle and many things. But when a storm revolves violently round a centre, it is called cyclone. It moves at a high speed ranging from forty to more than hundred kilometres per hour. During the last few years, several cyclones swept over our country and caused immense harm to our people. Cyclone is a curse to the inhabitants of the coastal regions of Bangladesh. The tidal bore and the heavy showers wash away the stores of foodstuff and cause terrible damage. Drought causes serious harm to our crops and trees. Due to the want of water farmers cannot grow plants nor can produce bumper crops. As an aftermath, famine occurs. Many people die from hunger. However, we have to reduce the loss caused by various natural calamities. Using modern weather forecast, prior warning can be given to the people who are likely to be affected storm, cyclone etc. Moreover, the affected people and domestic livestock can be easily shifted to a safer place during flood and cyclone. Besides, a quick relief, medical treatment and essential medicines should be supplied among the affected people. Some effective measures should be taken by the govt. as well as different NGO‘s with a view to eliminating sufferings of the victims.

Price hike

Price hike 

Price hike means the rise of price of daily necessaries. Today price hike is a common phenomenon in our economy. The price of essential commodities is increasing by leaps and bounds. The causes of price hike are many. Hoarding is one of the important factors for soaring price level. People hoard the essential commodities with an ill motive and as a result there is break down in the supply. Smuggling and black marketing are also important factors that cause price hike. Essential commodities are always being smuggled across the border. Shortage of supply due to low production also accelerates the price hike of essential goods. Our population is increasing in geometrical progress, while the supply of food increases in arithmetical progress. For this the supply of goods is very scanty in comparison to our demands. However efforts should be made and necessary actions and proper measures should be taken to tackle the situation. Hoarding should be controlled. Smuggling and black-marketing are to be eradicated. Adequate supply of essential commodities is to be ensured. And last of all government should launch programmed to tackle the price hike problem.

A Birth Day Party

A Birth Day Party

           We are thankful to Allah Who has created us as human beings. We often celebrate the Day when we were born. I also celebrated the last anniversary of my birth on 3rd January this year.  As I have no brother or sister. I had to take full responsibility myself. First of all I started  to dust out drawing room and made it neat and clean. After  that  I decorated  this room  with  colorful  balloons and  paper made  flowers. I also  had  to  order  birthday  cake  and  my  mother  cooked  some  delicious foods. I invited all of my close friends; and my cousins were also present in that celebration. My  parents gave  me  a  nice dress  and  my friends  brought  different beautiful  gifts and  wished  me  a long  life  with beautiful  birthday card. I enjoyed   the occasion greatly. When all the guests arrived, we started the programme. I cut the cake with a song from the parents and guests, “Happy Birthday to you.”  Then  the  dinner  was started  and continued  till 9 pm. The programme was finished through songs and sounds. My cousins and friends took a number of photos.  There was   an atmosphere of joy and merriment everywhere in the house on the occasion. I eagerly wait every year for this very day.

Yourself

Yourself

 I am  Zahid Hasan Nazmul. I live with my parents, grandmother and grandfather. We are five brothers and sisters. I am the last of all. My grandfather is a retired government school teacher. At present he spends his time in social activities. My grandmother is a nice old lady. My father is a working doctor in a government hospital. My mother is a professor of English in a college. My elder brother is a doctor also. My sister is a teacher also. My other brothers are businessman and I am student. I take part in game and sports. I say my prayer. I obey my parents and teachers. I maintain my routine.

Your School Shop

Your School Shop

We have started a shop in our school.  We have formed a committee to run the shop. The headmaster is the chief of the committee. all other teachers are the member of it. Two students from each class are representatives on the committee. We have engaged two sales men. we also work there by turn. Everybody of our school buys his or her necessary things at a cheaper rate. Still then we make a good profit. We use the profit for the good of the school. The shop is of great use to us because from it we have learnt the lesson of self –reliance and co-operation.

Your School garden

Your School garden

We have a big garden in front of our school. We have made the garden. Our teachers always help us. We work in the garden. We loose the soil and water the plants. We pull out the weeds. We have put a fence around the garden. Cows, goats and naughty boys can’t do any harm to our garden. Moreover, the bearer of the school takes care of the garden. We produce different kinds of vegetables and flowers. We sell them and make a good profit. We spend it for the good of the school. The garden keeps us fresh and active. In fact it has enhanced the beauty of the school.

Your School Common Room

Your School Common Room

A school common room is the part and parcel of a school. Students come here, take rest and make friendship. It keeps a school always fresh, live and cheerful. Our school has a big common room. There are tables and benches in the common room. There are a radio and a TV for the recreation of the students. Almost all the dailies, weeklies and other magazines are available here. Students come here, listen to radio, watch TV, read newspapers and discuss many things. T is nice place for the students for indoor. Our common room is nice and useful place indeed.

Your Hobby

Your Hobby

Hobby is an extra work. It always remains out of syllabus. Like others I have a hobby of my own. It is gardening. It gives me much pleasure. I have a garden in front of my reading room. Whenever I get time I work in it. I loose the soil with my spade and hoe and weeds out the grass. I water the plants regularly. I also put fence around the garden so that cattle or naughty children can’t do any harm to my garden. In the morning my heart leaps up with joy to see the garden of various flowers. They spread a sweet smell. The garden also looks very charming. My hobby is a great source of joy and pleasure. It relieves me from my routine bound work. It helps me forget sorrow and sufferings. It makes my body strong and makes my mind jolly. So I like it very much.

Your Grandmother

Your Grandmother

My grandmother’s name is Aziza Khatun. She comes of a respectable Muslim family. She can read and write. Now she is sixty. She is strong and healthy. She can move easily. She is gentle. She is also very kind to the poor to the poor. She takes great care of all the members of the family. My grandmother loves me very much. In my childhood she used to tell me fine stories and I would sleep beside her. She takes care of my education. During my childhood my grandmother used to teach me the letters of Bangla. English and Arabic. Even today if my parents scold me for any fault of mine, they are taken to task seriously by my grandmother. My grandmother is really a nice woman.

Your Grand Father

Your Grand Father

My grand father’s name is Al Haj Doyai Prang.. He comes a respectable Muslim family. He can read and write. Now he is sixty. He is strong and healthy. He can move easily. He is gentle and pious. He is also very kind to the poor. He takes great care of all the members of the family. My grandfather loves me very much. In my childhood he used to tell me fine stories and I would sleep beside him. He takes care of my education. During my childhood my grandfather used to teach me the letters of Bangla. English and Arabic. Even today if my parents scold me for fault of mine, they are taken to task seriously by my grand father. He is really a nice man.

Your Classroom

Your Classroom

A classroom is the place where classes are held for teaching students. My class room is in the ground floor of our school. It is very spacious and well ventilated. It can accommodate fifty students. It has two doors and four wide windows. As a result the room gets sufficient air and light the room s well electrified with four fans and three tube and energy lights. We use the fans when it is necessary. There are twenty smooth high benches and twenty comfortable low benches for seating arrangement of the students. There is a raised platform with a fine chair and a table for the teacher. A big blackboard is fixed to the wall. The walls and the ceiling are nicely white washed. There is no wall writing. We keep the neat and clean. We keep the classroom neat and clean. We feel comfortable in the class room.

The Computer

The Computer

      The computer is an electronic device. It is recent invention of the universe. It has become an essential part of our modern life now it has greatly benefited us and brought us about revolutionary changes in our life. Any electronic device that helps people to solve mathematical calculation is generally known as computer. It becomes an essential part of our modern and present life. It greatly benefited us and brought about revolutionary changes in our life. At the very beginning some people tries to keep their record. In this connection they made a machine that is called ‘abacus.’ Today computer is using for different kind of research. Trained mathematicians are using the computer for solving problems of their field. From the calculation to printing in every section it is specially used. In an office computer is an important element of the modern office. They cannot do a single correspondence without a computer. Actually it is an electronic brain and it helps us to easy our deeds.

Tea

Tea 

Tea is a kind of plant. Tea mainly grows in china, India, Japan, Indonesia and Ceylon. It grows on the slope of hills or hilly regions. It requires excessive rain water but the rain water must not stay at the root. Tea seeds are sown in a nursery in the rainy season. The tea plant grows twenty to thirty feet high in its wild state but they are not allowed to grow so high in the garden. They are pruned and allowed to grow from three to four feet high. There are four crops a year. The first plucking gives the best tea and the rest give tea of inferior quality. The preparation of tea is not a hard work. Black leaves are dropped in boiled water. Sugar and milk are also mixed.  Thus a taste cup of tea is made.

Rice

Rice 

Rice is a kind of food that obtained from paddy. It is our staple food and grows in plenty in Bangladesh, India, Ceylon, Burma, and Japan and in many countries of the world. There are many kinds of rice. But the chief varieties are Aus, Aman, and Boro. But Aman is superior in quality and grows in plenty in our country. The Aman is sown in the month of Sraban and Bhadra. It is reaped in Paush. The Aus grows on high land. It is sown in the month of Baishakh and reaped in Bhadra. The Boro grows in marshy places where water stands still the winter season. It is sown in winter and reaped in spring. At present a new variety of rice called IRRI is being cultivated. It grows fifty to sixty maunds per acre. Rice is of two kinds – Atap and Siddha . Various kinds of delicious foods are prepared from rice.

Physical Exercise

Physical Exercise

Physical exercise means the regular movement of limbs of our body according to rules. It is essential to keep our body fit and mind sound. There lies a close connection between body and mind. We can not think a sound mind without a sound health. It is physical exercise which enables us to build a good health. Physical exercise makes our body active and the muscles strong. It also improves our power of digestion and blood circulation. It gives strength to our brain. So we should take regular physical exercise in order to maintain a sound health and lead a happy life.

Mobile Phone

Mobile Phone

         Mobile phone is an electronic device which is move able from one place to another. It is based on radio wave. The sending option has the capacity to transform voice tone into electronic wave which is taken by another device and transform into the sound instantly and then the communication goes on. It is the gift of science. Now it is said that the world is in fist of a human. It has some advantages as well as disadvantages. Now it is not needed to go out for ring.  Everybody who has a phone can call others from their own place. It lessens our tension. Once we had to wait a week or half of month for news from home and abroad. But now in every moment messages are available from required person. So it is said that mobile creates revolution in communicative sector.

How mango juice is processed

How mango juice is processed

Mangoes are collected from the mango orchards or markets during the month of June / July in our country and sent to processing factories. First the mangoes are stored out and the rotten or defective ones are kept aside. Fresh and ripe mangoes are then cleaned and washed in water thoroughly. Later on mangoes are crushed by hand or machines. Water and syrup in required quantity are added with mango juice with some perspective. The perspective helps in keeping the mango juice for a long period without getting decomposed. The product is then kept in bottles or containers. The small containers are then sealed and labelled. Containers are packed in boxes and sent to market for sale.

Dengue Fever

Dengue Fever

       Dengue fever has been specially identified in recent years. This is an infectious and incurable disease. Its virus is carried by a sort of mosquito. its name is Aedes. This sort of mosquito is found in water, in the flower vase, in the rubbish or in the kitchen, where water can amass. There are two type of dengue fever-one is normal and the other is very dangerous. The second one leads the affected person to death. The affects of this fever are very dangerous. The second one leads the affected person to death. The effects of this fever are very dangerous. It can cause death to one within seven days. If one s attacked with the fever one can surely die. Any proper medical treatment has not yet been invented to protect people from this disease. If people keep their environment safe and clean.  Aedes can’t grow here and there. If there don’t grow, there will be no fear of attacking dengue fever. Cleanliness is the precondition to save ourselves from the attack of dengue fever.

Self Employment

Self Employment

   Self-employment means to create job opportunity for oneself by one’s own effort. Today the most vicious problem that Bangladesh is facing is unemployment problem. As Bangladesh is densely populated country the government can not provide the young population with employment opportunity for everyone. This unemployment is a curse. It weakens the body and mind of our young generation. Frustration leads them to drug addiction and various crimes. But we should change our notion of secure and comfort able job in an office or bank because there are more people in our country than jobs. So, educated youth should not depend on the government to provide them with jobs. Self employment is the possible solution to this problem. The youths should not remain idle after completing their studies. They should remember that self help is the best help. They can easily engage themselves in various sectors of self employment. Agricultural farming, poultry raising, fish cultivation, livestock rearing are some of the sectors. The government and different NGOs are working relentlessly for providing the youths with training in various vocational activities. They also provides the youths with loans on easy terms to start these jobs of self employment. So, we ourselves should seek self employment because a self employed man is not unemployed anymore rather he can provide other people with jobs.

Gender Discrimination

Gender Discrimination 

Gender discrimination means the difference between male and female in respect of enjoying human right. It begins at birth in Bangladesh. It is severe  here. Female children, girls and women are the worst sufferers. There are many reasons of this social curse. Parents think that girls are not suitable for many jobs. Moreover, in the existing socio-economic setup female children are not suitable for outdoor activities and earnings. Women are regarded  as a liability to their parents. Religious misinterpretation , social customs and lack of education are also responsible for this. But because of this discrimination the nation is getting deprived  of the services of the half of its population who are women. This hinders  national development. This problem cannot be solved overnight. To solve this problem, we all should come forward and try heartily.

Globalization

Globalization

Globalisation means free movement (PjvPj)of goods, service, people and information across the national borders. It is mainly connected with business, trade and international relations by creating a borderless world. The world has now become a global village. With the development of hi-tech communication and rapid transportation facilities, the world has come closer. We can reach the remotest (`~ieZ©x) corner of the world within a second. If one country is in distress (`~`©kv), others can immediately come to its assistance (mnvqZv). But the globalization has some demerits too. The gap between wealth and poverty is ever widening. The industrially developed capitalist countries are exploiting (‡kvlY Kiv) the poorer countries. The poorer and developing countries should ensure good governance and efficient management to get the facilities of globalization. Proper education is also necessary. If the developed and developing nations work together on terms of solidarity, equity and justice the process of globalisation will make our world a better place to live in.

The Jackfruit

The Jackfruit

The jackfruit is our national fruit. It is one of the most famous and popular fruits in Bangladesh. It is a summer fruit. It is found mainly in the month of Jaista. It grows in plenty in plenty in the hilly regions of Chittagong and Sylhet also on the high land of Dhaka, Gazipur, Mymensingh, Tangail, Comilla, and Jessore. It is Juicy, sweet and delicious. It is bigger in size than other fruits. The jackfruit seeds are also used as food. The jackfruit is comparatively cheap. It is popular with common people. The jackfruit and its juice are in great demand the entire world by eating jackfruit we get vitamins and mineral salts. We should give attention to increasing the production of jackfruits. It is necessary for us to plant more jackfruit tree every year.

The Importance of Media in Our Lives

The Importance of Media in Our Lives

Media refers to some mediums which are used to communicate with the mass of the people. The importance of media in our lives is so great that we cannot describe in a nutshell. In fact, it is enormous. Modern life is very complicated and man is always on the go for material prosperity. Even then they try to find leisure for peace and enjoyment. The newspaper, magazines, journals, television and nowadays computer play vital roles in this connection. Radio plays a vital role in our life as a source of instruction and entertainment. Though a good number of our people in towns and cities watch television, for the majority in rural Bangladesh the radio keeps its way. We have different types of programmes such as news, weather forecast, educational programmes, sports commentary, entertainment and communication on them. Both the educated and the illiterate can derive joy from them, for they have recreational as well as educative significance. Our progress, prosperity and development depend much on them. Above all, media play the role of a mirror of the world.

Necessity of Learning English

Necessity of Learning English

English is no longer the language of the English alone; it is an international language. It is difficult, sometimes impossible, to do without English. Pilots fly over and land in, many countries. They have to use English everywhere. Officers at the airport and tourist guides at different places must know English to communicate with people. People working at hotels cannot but use English with tourists from different countries. Postmen must know English, for addresses on envelopes from abroad are all written in the language. Telephone operators use English to make or receive calls. Books for mechanics also are mostly in English. Persons going abroad find the language very useful to communicate or study. It is, therefore, necessary that we should learn English.

Dangers of Smoking

Dangers of Smoking

Dangers of smoking are beggar description. It is so dangerous that it may cause cancer, heart attack, chronic bronchitis and other diseases. One puff of cigarette smoke contains more or less nicotine, methyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, arsenic, benzopyrene and several other acids which are fatal to human beings. Nicotine constricts the size of the blood vessels which impedes the flow of blood and oxygen in the body. In fact, it causes blood pressure and heart attack. Benzopyrene is one of the most powerful cancer-causing agents in animals and human beings. Besides, arsenic is cancer causing. Tobacco tar is also cancer-causing. The tar and the drying effect of cigarette smoke slow down the action of the cilia inside the bronchial tube and eventually destroy them. Carbon monoxide drives oxygen out of the red blood cells. So, the dangers of smoking are immense and we should give it up without further delay if we are used to it.

Eid Day

Eid Day

Eid is the most important festival of the Muslim community. Every year we have two Eids namely Eid-Ul-Fitr and Eid-Ul-Azha. After the month of “Ramadan” comes the Eid-Ul-Fitr. As we have two fast by day during the month of Ramadan, the Eid-Ul-Fitr brings a great joy to us. We observe Eid-Ul-Azha on 10th “Jilhaj” to pay homage to Hazrat Ibrahim (al) who was about to kill his dearest son for the satisfaction of Allah. On the Eid day the Muslims-poor and rich, young and old, all go to Eidgah to attend the Zamat. After finishing the Zamat, all embrace with each other. On this day, everybody forgets all the anger, all the enmity. Different types of delicious foods are cooked in every house. People go to each other’s house and share the joys. Thus, the two Eids establish the equality and fraternity in Muslim Community. They are, no doubt, the messenger of love, forgiveness and brotherhood.

Victory day

Victory day

The 16th December is a red-letter day in the history of Bangladesh because it is the day of victory over barbarous Pak Army. On the 16th December 1971 Bangladesh came out as an independent nation. It is the day when the long cherished freedom came into being into being. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared the independence of Bangladesh on the night of the 25th March 1971, against the inhuman attack of Pak military. He called the people of Bangladesh to face the Pak military junta with courage and determination, on the 27th March 1971, and then the Major Ziaur Rahman read out the proclamation of independence through the radio on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. People from all walks of life launched a strong resistance to the enemy force. Pak military killed thousand of men and children, ransacked innumerable houses and looted their belongings. Mukti Bahini along with allied forces from India inflicted the final attack on Pak army. They were surrounded from all sides on the 16th December 1971. When the people heard this news of the surrender, they came out of their houses with processions chanting different slogans. Some people came out in tears remembering the loss of their near and dear ones. The 16th December is the day of victory of the right cause against injustice and tyranny. No oppressor can rule his people for a long time. Sixteenth December will be celebrated every year as a victory day as long as Bangladesh exists. This serves a source of inspiration for the people.

Gender Disparity/Discrimination: A heinous social curse

Gender Disparity/Discrimination: A heinous social curse

Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male and female in the field of observing rights as a human being. In the developed countries there is no gender disparity. But in our country this disparity is severe. It pervades both rural and urban communities. It is especially seen in the rural areas too much. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university and most of the conservative families do so. In many families of Bangladesh especially of the villages, boys and girls are not treated equally. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. But on the other hand, boys or male members of the family are allowed to go to school, college and to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change ...
.their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together.

E-mail

E-mail

E-mail is abbreviated form of electronic mail. It is the communication of textual message via electronic means. Although telex communication is electronic in nature there are differences between telex and e-mail. Telex communication is terminal to terminal, while electronic mail communication is user-to-user via the computer. In order to operate an e-mail system we need a personal computer, a modem and a telephone connection. Important advantage of E-mail is its ability to reduce the consumption of paper in the office. Internal memos and reports can be exchanged electronically without using paper.

Digital Bangladesh

Digital Bangladesh

Digital Bangladesh means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available online. Here all the possible tasks of government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The motto of digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education etc. ‘Digital Bangladesh’ is a new but ambitious concept in the country. The present government under the bold leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has taken the landmark step to bring a radical change in the lives of millions of people by 2021 by using sophisticated science and technology in every field. Awami League in its election manifesto mentioned that it is determined to fully implement the concept titled ‘Vision 2021’. Digitalization is the process of implementing various initiatives, including e-governance, e-commerce, 100 percent literacy rate, sanitation, low mortality rate, high life expectancy, employment generation and making people skilled human resources through orientation of the use of computer as well as internet. Digital Bangladesh is a dream vision of bringing digital change in every sector. It is a process of digitalizing everything in our national life. Our lifestyle, daily activities, business transaction, communications, entertainment, studies, consultation, etc. would be made online. It is a process of sensitizing the common people to the widespread use of internet in their daily life to gear up the wheels of our overall socio-economic life. Economically rich and industrially developed countries are fully depended on digitalization process. They have made everything online. They have reduced using papers, rather are accustomed in using emails and facsimiles to accomplish their activities. Educated people have to play a vital role in discharging their duties and responsibilities. They have to work together with the government to reach its goal of building a digital Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, digitalization, if it the process is successfully implemented, would bring a horizon of ray and hope for millions of people through their active participation in various developmental activities. We would be able to fight poverty. Above all, we need to change our mindset to make it happen.

Use and Abuse of Facebook

Use and Abuse of Facebook

Facebook is one the greatest invention of modern civilization. Modern communities can not think their modern life without social media like Facebook, Google Plus etc. Facebook has made the communication of the today's people more easy. One can share his     or her ideas, States of his or her mind, status of his or her present conditions. Above all one can maintain close relation among the friends, classmates and other relatives. One can get his or her friends in no time. 10 to 15 years ago, when there was no social media, people used view cards or photos for exchanging greetings. Those greetings were delivered by post mails or e-mail. Post mail was very slow process. But today, through Facebook we can share photos, videos among our friends. We can keep connected with our friends and family members. But this great blessing of modern science has some demerits too. Many young boys and girls become addicted to it and give more time on it than studies. Sometimes, privacy is not ensured. Few senseless people post nude pictures. Seeing these pictures, the tender mind of youngsters severely damaged. A long term bad effects can be seen in those adolescents. Besides, many girls and ladies committed suicide because their enemy posted their privet photos or videos. Despite these few bad sites of Facebook book, it has great importance for the communication of modern people.

Face book

Face book

Face book is a social networking website intended to connect friends, family, and business associates. It is the largest of the networking sites, with the runner up being My Space. It began as a college networking website and has expanded to include anyone and everyone. Face book was founded by 2004 by Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg and originally called the face book. It was quickly successful on campus and expanded beyond Harvard into other Ivy League schools. At that time, it was only available to schools, universities, organizations, and companies within English speaking countries, but has since expanded to include anyone. Face book users create a profile page that shows their friends and networks information about themselves. The choice to include a profile in a network means that everyone within that network can view the profile. The profile typically includes the following: Information, Status, Friends, and Friends in Other Networks, Photos, Notes, Groups, and The Wall. Users are able to search for friends and acquaintances by e-mail address, school, university, or just by typing in a name or location for search. When people become friends, they are able to see all of each others' profiles including contact information. E-mail notifications let users know when new friends have chosen to add them to their list or when someone has sent a message to them within the system. A popular feature on Face book is the ability to share photographs uploaded from a phone, camera, or hard drive. As with other private information, users have the option to allow only friends to see their pictures or anyone. There is an unlimited amount of storage available, which is a major advantage of Face book’s photograph sharing capabilities.

My Mother

My Mother

My mother’s name is Nazma Khatun. She is about forty five years old. She is a house wife and she works in our house and yard. Every day she looks after our family. She cleans the house and cooks food for us. She looks after the chickens and also sews our clothes. She is a member of Bangladesh Family Planning Association, Pabna. She learns about rules of health and food there. She takes cars of our health and studies. She loves me and my little sister very much. We also love her heartily.

A Garment Worker

A  Garment Worker

Persons working in a garments factory are garments workers. An ordinary garments worker in our country leads very laborious life. His/her day starts very early in the morning and ends at about 10 p.m. She/he starts for working place at about 7 am. She/he is to pass a long way everyday to reach the factory. She/he goes to the factory on foot. Sometimes on the way to the destination, she /he is teased with slang words from various corners. He/she is to tolerate all bad comments. In the factory, he/she works in a congested room. There is no seat to sit upon. She eats the poor lunch with her colleagues in the factory. Almost everyday he/she takes his/her lunch from home. She is given a break for half an hour. Within this time she cannot take lunch from her house. She works in the factory for long hours till deep at night. She likes working in a factory rather than in a household. She is used to do over working. Though he/she gets very poor salary, she/he expends it very wisely. She/he leads very simple life. In a word, a major portion of national income depends upon his/her hard work. So he/she should have better opportunities in the factory and society to led better life.

Importance Of Sports

Importance Of Sports

Sports are good physical exercise and on one can keep a good health without it. Among various types of sports, out-door sports like cricket and football are very popular. Nowadays there have become very popular form of entertainment. Sports require quick movement of the limbs. This helps alone circulation and makes the body strong and health. Sports have certain rules which the participants have to obey. Thus through hands and sports people learn discipline which is very important in practical life. Thus sports are beneficial in many different ways. I an a student and i like to take part in sports. Among all the sports, i like cricket best. I play cricket every afternoon. Hands and sports vecti up to accept both effect and victory with calmness of mind.
Sports give up opportunities to meet with many people. The sports venue becomes a meeting place of people from different countries. So we learn to socialise and strengthen international brotherhood through hands and sports.

Nakshi Kantha

Nakshi Kantha

Nakshi kantha is a kind of embroidered quilt. The name was taken from the Bengali word, ‘naksha’ which means artistic pattern. It is a kind of traditional craft and is said to be indigenous to Bangladesh and West Bengal in India. The art has been practiced in rural Bengal for centuries. The name ‘Nakshi kantha’ became popular after the poet Jasimuddin’s poem ‘Nakshi kanthar Math’was published in 1929. Traditional kanthas are made for family use. Old or new cloth and thread are used to make these quilts. Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Rajshahi, Faridpur, Bogra and Jessore are most famous for this craft. Now it is produced commercially. You can find them in many expensive handicraft shops in cities. The quilts are now in great demand because of the colourful patterns and designs embroidered on them. Finally, we can say that “Nakshi Kanhta” signifies a token of Bengali culture and tradition.

A Village Garden

A Village Garden

A suitable piece of land is needed for a vegetable garden. The piece of land must be sunny. Water must not stand on it during the rainy season, before planting vegetables the piece of land gas to be prepared well and removed from the soil. In a vegetables garden we can grow all sorts of vegetables in different seasons .vegetables are rich in food value and are essential for our good health .But green, yellow and leafy vegetables are the best source of vitamins and minerals . All sorts of vegetables should be planted in a vegetables garden. A vegetables garden is not very expensive/ So every family should have a vegetables garden.

Good Health

Good Health

Good health is an asset. It is the most valuable possession in human life. To speak the truth, it is the greatest wealth of all things on earth. It is said that good health is the source of all happiness. Good health and happiness go side by side. Health is the sound state of the body as well as of mind. A healthy man must have soundness of mind as well as soundness of body. To be healthy, one must grow up in a balanced way. To keep good health, one has to eat a balanced diet, drink clean water, take fresh air, rest properly and take physical exercise regularly. For the retention of mental health, one has to control one's emotions and one has to have patience and respect for other people's feelings and rights. However, life without good health is boring and unbearable. It is so often heard that a person possessing ill health prefers death to life. So, everyone should take care of his health.

The Importance of Yoga

The Importance of Yoga 

The term ‘Yoga’ has been derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Yuj’ which means union. Yoga gives us relief from uncountable diseases at the physical level. The practice of the postures strengthens the body and creates a feeling of well being. From the psychological view point, yoga sharpens the intellect and aid in concentration; it strengthens the emotions and encourages a caring for others. The practice of breathing techniques calms the mind. In the realm of the spiritual yoga brings awareness and the ability to be still. Through meditation inner peace is experienced. Thus, yoga is a practical philosophy involving every aspect of a person’s being. It teaches the evolution of the individual by the development of self-discipline and self-awareness. Anyone irrespective of age, health circumstances of life and religion can practice yoga. Yoga helps to discipline our sense of power with the power of our own. If we peep into the benefits of yoga, they are numerous. It improves physical fitness, stress, controls general well-being, mental clarity and greater self-understanding. People of all ages can do yoga and it can also be adapted for people with disabilities or special needs. It helps us to keep our body fit control cholesterol level, reduces weight, normalizes blood pressure and improves cardiovascular performance.

Our Collage Canteen

Our Collage Canteen

A college canteen is a refreshment center for the students. It is necessary to have a canteen in the college premises. The food and snacks supplied by outside restaurants are usually sub standard and injurious to health. So, students can get hygienic food in the college canteen. Our college canteen is situated in the middle of the college. Students of all departments can go there whenever they need. The canteen is clean and there are a few students who remain in charge of keeping it clean. Some instructive posters are hung on the wall. Snacks of all types are sold here. Even tea, soft drinks are available here. The canteen is favorite to me because I like its clean environment and systematic service. It plays an important role in our college life. Students often discuss topics of their texts over a cup of tea in the college canteen. They thus utilize their leisure time in the canteen in a productive way.

My Neighbors

My Neighbors

We live in society as we are social beings. I have got different sorts of neighbors. Some are honest and some of them are dishonest. Some neighbors are co-operative while others are self-centered. Co-operative neighbors stand beside our family when ever we are in any problem. But some neighbors hardly react to our activities. One of our neighbors living above our flat is always disturbing us. Most of the time they make unnecessary sounds. In order to maintain good relation we never pretest their activities. But the neighbor living next to our flat is very much considerate and reasonable. They co-operate with us in every respect. We are fortunate enough to have a good soul like our next –door neighbor whom we can rely on in our need. We maintain peace with him and he also helps maintaining peace.

Climate Change and its impacts on Bangladesh

Climate Change and its impacts on Bangladesh

Climate change is just one of the destructive forces to blight south-western Bangladesh. Naturally occurring events (which are independent of climate change), and poor governance, are also weighing heavily on this troubled region. In order to effectively combat the destructive processes that combine to shape this corner of South Asia it is crucial that we gain a proper understanding of the issues at hand. We can begin by acting to distinguish between the causes of the impacts we see, and not settling for the use of ‘climate change’ as a one-size-fits-all explanation. The southwest corner of Bangladesh is not an easy place to live in. If you speak with villagers in districts like Satkhira (who count the Bengal tiger as a neighbour) you quickly realise you are talking with some of the most resilient people on the planet. The scale of problems they face can be difficult to comprehend: extreme poverty pervades the lives of many, the seasons are changing and rains are coming later, agricultural yields are decreasing, flooding and water-logging is decimating livelihoods, freshwater is becoming scarce as salinity increases and powerful cyclones demolish homes and erase lives. People don’t cite Bangladesh as the frontline of climate change for nothing. By the year 2050 sea levels here are expected to rise by up to 40 centimetres. Average temperatures, which have risen 0.74°C in the past 60 years, are predicted to jump up to a further 4°C by the close of the century. There is little doubt that climate change will have a profound effect in Bangladesh. Experts anticipate further decreases in food security and the availability of freshwater and increased flooding. One model predicts that by the year 2100 climate change will displace a staggering 16-20 million people in Bangladesh; a group roughly twice the current population of the Dhaka city!

A Picnic that I Enjoyed

A Picnic that I Enjoyed

It was the month of December. My examination was over. I along with my friends decided to go on a picnic. It was a thrilling idea. We all were excited. We decided to go to a tea-garden in Sylhet. The garden was the home land of a friend. It was a short journey. We gathered at our school premises. We started our journey in the morning and reached the garden at about 10.00 a.m. We selected an open space which was shaded by trees. Then we proceeded to make arrangements for cooking our food. We brought all the equipments with us. Rima was in charge of cooking. We all assisted her. It took only two hours to prepare the delicious dishes. After taking our food and making a lot of enjoyments, we decided to return. We talked and danced gaily, we sang merrily, we laughed. In fact, we enjoyed the picnic very much. Before evening we got ready to start back. We also enjoyed on our way back home.

Air Pollution/Environmental Pollution

Air Pollution/Environmental Pollution

Air pollution means the ways in which the air is polluted. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man cannot live a single moment without air. But we do not think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Clean air is essential for life. Air is polluted in many ways. For example smoke pollutes air. Man makes fires to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Another example is that railway engines, power houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Moreover, buses trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. Furthermore, the most serious air pollution occurs in big industrials areas where there are many mills and factories. Again serious air pollution also occurs in big cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars playing the street every day. Sometimes men in big industrial area become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. So, proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution.

Pahela Baishakh

Pahela Baishakh

Pahela Baishakh is the first day to the Bangla year. The day is celebrated with traditional festivities across the country. Different Socio-cultural organizations draw up elaborate programmed to celebrate the day’s public holiday. This day’s first programmed begins at down at Ramana Batamul. A large number of people wearing traditional dresses come to attend the programme. National dailies bring out special supplements focusing on the implications of the day. Bangladesh betar and Bangladesh Television air special programmed on the occasion. A leading culture organization called chhayanat organizes the programmed every year. Shilpakala academy, jatiya press club. Bulbul Lalitakala academy etc. also hold cultural functions. In fact, pahela baishakh has become an outstanding occasion with the life of the Bangladesh.

Acid rain

Acid rain

Acid rain is rain that has unusually high amount of acidic properties to it. It is caused by the emissions or output of factories, trucks, and other objects that release a compound of sulfur, ammonium, carbon, and nitrogen. A reaction takes place with the release of these chemicals that cause what would be normal rain to have acidic properties. The effects that acid rain has on the environment is quite clear. It can break down metals (very slowly) which is evident where it can cause a car to begin rusting. In conclusion, it is apparent that if the society does not care more for the environment acid rain will grow more severe and possible have greater negative effects on our surroundings.

Deforestation

Deforestation 

This destruction disturbs our ecological balance. The existance of animals are going to be threatened. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, the world is becoming warmer. The sea level is rising and many parts of the world is going to be engulfed by the sea in recent future.On the other hand, new areas of the world are turning into deserts as an immediate effect of deforestation. We may face the problem of flood, soil erosion, drought etc.
We can take many measures to prevent deforestation. 'Tree plantation programme should be expanded to the remove corner of the country. The government should make TV and radio programme on the subject of afforestation. The common people should be informed of the danger of deforestation.

A Stormy Night

A Stormy Night

A stormy night is a fearful one. In a stormy night the wind blows violently and it rains continuously. The whole sky is overcast with clouds. There is terrible sound all around. Thunderbolts and flashes of lighting frighten the people. Thunderbolts hit our ears. It seems everything is getting crashed. Sometimes nature appears to be less violent but it is only for a moment. Generally the storm lasts for two or three hours. After the storm a scene of havoc is seen all around. Many houses are blown away and many people become homeless and helpless. Trees and plants are uprooted and many branches are broken down. A great deal of property is destroyed. Sometimes human lives are lost in a stormy night. After all, a stormy night is accursed night of fear and destruction.

Early Marriage

Early Marriage 

Early marriage means a wedding between a young any and a young girl before reaching puberty. The girls of the extreme poverty stricken families both in the slums of the towns and cities and of villages are found to be married off before 15. The parents of there families cannot afford to educate their girls and cannot provide them with jobs.These girls often eat up and pass time idly. This situations force the parents to make them married. Only poverty plays the key role in early marriage. In the existing socio-economic set-up parents are concerned about the marriage of their daughters.
Superstitions, social and religions customs, discriminatory attitude towards girls, wrong idea about girls education are also responsible for early marriage. They become the victims of growing old early. In such a condition of their health, weak baby is born with different complications. So, this destructive practice should be stopped.No girl should be married off before 18 and a boy before 21. The parents involved in early marriage should be punished. To encourage female education and to discourage early marriage our government has taken some positive steps, such as giving stipends to girls, recruiting more female teachers etc. This will help stopping early marriage.

A Wedding Ceremony

A Wedding Ceremony

(a) Whose wedding ceremony was it?
(b) Where did it take place?
(c) How was the place decorated?
(d) How many guests attended there?
(e) How were the guests entertained?

A Wedding Ceremony

 Last week, I enjoyed a wedding ceremony. It was held on the occasion of my cousin. This enjoyable ceremony took place on the 15th instant in our village home. Really it was an attractive ceremony. The whole house was festooned with colorful papers and paper made flowers. There was illumination of multicolored electric lights around the house. The bridegroom and the bride were dressed in gorgeous wedding dresses. About two hundred guests attended the ceremony. Then the formalities of the marriage were completed in a cordial environment. The tables were full of dishes with delicious foods. Some of my cousins served the guests sincerely. The wedding feast was full of pleasure, laughter and hearty conversation. I met many of my relatives after a long time. The farewell scene of the bride was very pathetic. Then the newly married couple got board on a green colored car and started for the residence of the bridegroom. The scene will remain ever fresh in my heart.

A Book Fair

A Book Fair

A book fair is an exhibition of books. Different kinds of books by different writers are displayed in it. It is usually arranged by any organization like Bangla Academy or the publishing companies. Book exhibitions are usually held in divisional cities as well as zilla towns. Book exhibitions are held on special occasions like 21st February, pahela baishakh, etc. with a view to buying some newly published books. I paid a visit to the ‘Mahan Ekushey  Boi Mela’ held at Bangla Academy Premises. I visited many stalls there and saw various old and newly published books from home and abroad. Of them, many books were most attractive written by prominent writers. There were books of fairy tales as well as ghost stories with colorful out-covers. It has become, in fact, a great attraction for me and the educated and cultured people. It also instils a love of books and develops the habit of buying books. I felt very excited when i was in the fair. Its truly, book fair is a noble venture and it proved a success.

Early Rising

  Early Rising

Early rising is the habit of getting up early in the morning. Everybody should get up early in the morning to keep their body sound. This habit is useful to a man in various ways. First, the habit is good for health. The man who rises early finds time to take some exercise or a walk in the fresh morning air. The morning air refreshes both his body and mind. This certainly improves his health. Second, the habit gives him and opportunity to enjoy the beauties of nature. Enjoyment of the natural beauties sharpens his feelings and sense of beauty. This makes him wise. Third, the habit enables a man to begin his day’s work early. He gets a good start in everything than a late riser. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus become wealthy. There is a saying “Early to bed and early to rise; makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” In a word, early rising is the source of health, wealth and wisdom.  

Newspaper

Newspaper

    Newspaper is the storehouse of various information. It holds the news of all corners of the world. So, we can know the situation of daily life remaining in our room. Newspapers are of many kinds. They are dailies, weeklies, fortnightlies and monthlies. Among them, the dailies are mostly favuorite as they carry fresh news for us. In our country. The remarkable newspapers are the Ittefaq, the in Inqlab, the Protom Alo, the Bangladesh Observer, the daily star, the daily Independent, the Amar Desh, the Naya Diganta, etc. Of them, I like the Bangladesh observer very much. Since newspapers bear the current information, we can not do with out newspapers for a single day. Newspapers have also stories, novels, poems, etc. The important steps and changes of the govt. and the sports news are published in newspapers. Sometimes false news makes us confused. It is the scale to know the standard of a country. It  acts as a companion for us.

A Bus Station

A Bus Station

A bus station is a very important place to those who travel by bus from one place to another. It is a place where buses stop for sometime to facilitate the passengers to get in and to get down from them. Important bus stands, especially the bus stands in a city or, towns remain crowded throughout the day. Passengers are always found waiting there. When a bus stops at such a stand, there is an unusual bustle and hurry among the passengers. Some passengers hurry to get down from the bus, while passengers waiting for the bus want to get into it. As a result there is a great collision among the passengers. In such a situation the old and the weak find it difficult to get into or get down. The scene often goes so far that it seems passengers are fighting with one another to get in or to get down first. Taking advantage of this pickpockets sometimes pick the pockets of the passengers. Moreover, shouts of coolies, conductors, bus-helpers make the place noisier. These are the usual sights of a bus stand during the busy hours of the day. Besides, hawkers are often found busy selling their goods like cigarettes, betel-leaves, newspaper, fruits etc.

My Teacher

My Teacher

A man or a woman who teacher the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. A teacher, specially a good or an ideal teacher, is one of the most important people of a country. He/she is a valuable asset to any country. He/she is the architect of a nation. A good teacher is a friend, philosopher and guide to the students. He/she makes lessons interesting to them. He/she awakens the students and arouses their eagerness for learning. He/she makes them confident and proves then clever. He/she discovers the hidden treasure in each student. He/she also wants them happy. He/she keeps them busy at school and at home. His/her general nature is also good. So, a good teacher should have necessary qualifications and professional training.

Foreign Trip

Foreign Trip

Traveling is always the main source of gathering practical knowledge and experience from the nature, society, culture, country and so on. Generally, everybody likes to gather experience from a very young age.
Normally, we can learn about the cultures, languages, food and sights of other places by watching television, reading newspaper, communicating with the people of different countries and the knowledge is not enough about that country or culture. Making a foreign tour and visiting other countries, we can learn many things practically. A foreign tour is always interesting and people make it for different purposes. Some make the tour for business purposes, some go on holiday, and students also travel to study and receive higher degrees. Others travel to educate themselves, learn more about the country they are visiting, places of interest, like art and history, and experience their culture. Foreign travel contributes to a person’s education. People acquire information and increase their knowledge. They also learn a new language. It is important to value other nation’s culture, experience actual the way they live, cook and do things in everyday life. This fosters understanding and bridges the gap between nations. Foreign traveling can be made by the means of many transports. But a journey by plane is the most fascinating of them and indeed it is always a very interesting and exciting journey.

Eve Teasing

Eve Teasing 

Now-a-days ‘Eve Teasing’ is the burning question in our country. It has already become a social curse. When girls are teased by men or boys, it is called Eve Teasing. Eve Teasing is bringing many disorders to our society. As we live in a male dominated society, girls are always dominated by men. At present girls can’t move freely for the eve teaser. Since the victim of Eve Teasing is girl so it needs no telling that the eve teasers are boys. Some rude, impolite and bad guys of our society are often seen to disturb the girls. Generally frustrated and those who take drugs tease the girls. They don’t realize that women belong to our mother class. Eve teasers are generally seen in front of the schools, colleges, bus stands and some busy public places. They eagerly wait for the arrival of girls. It seems that they have no work but tease the girls. At present they are the biggest criminals of the country. It generally occurs when a boy fails to win the mind of the girl. If a boy offers his love to a girl and if the girls refuses his love she must be fallen the victim of Eve Teasing by the boy. Sometimes girls commit suicide for being the victim of Eve Teasing. But we all know that it takes two to make a quarrel. Girls are also responsible for such kind of bad practice. At present girls are seen moving freely wearing sex appealing dresses. As a result it attracts the boys. So girls should be moderate in their dresses and wandering. Now it’s time to stop the bad practice. Government is very aware to eradicate Eve Teasing from the country. A strong law has already been passed against Eve Teasing Every educated and conscious person of the society should come forward to help the Government so that it can be removed easily from our country. We all should respect our women folk because they are the part of our life, our society and after all part of our country.

May day /A Mournful Day

May day /A Mournful Day

May day refers to a sad incident that took place in the month of May in 1886 in the American city of Chicago. May day means first May of the year, which is recognized as the international workers who laid down their lives for the interest of the workers in Chicago in May 1886. The history is that during those days the working people were suffering from over work. From the beginning of the industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long, shifts lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. They could not protest for fear of losing job. However, they protested against the injustice done to them. And on May 3,1886 police fired into a protestant crowed in Chicago. The street of Chicago were smeared with the warm blood of workers. Many people were injured and one died.  All the privilege workers enjoy to day such as a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hours workday were the outcome of the sacrifices of the workers on May 3,1886. These are the rights they have achieved by their struggle. This day reminds the working class people that the workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak and speak out to gain much better working condition, better pay and standard of life. On this day the working classes of the world become united irrespective of castes, creeds and nationalities. This is the glory as well as sorrow. So black flags are flown atop the offices and black badges are worn by the workers to symbolize their heartfelt grief for their fellow workers. Thus May Day has been a symbol of unity for the workers all over the world.

A Rainy Day

 A Rainy Day

A rainy day is a day when it rains ceaselessly all day long during the rainy season. It is called a drizzling day. The sky is overcast with patches of black clouds and the sun remains hidden behind them. The weather is foul. The sun is not seen. Sometimes, gusty wind blows with rain. Rivers, canals and tanks swell up. Roads and paths get muddy and slippery. Water stands here and there. Normal life is disrupted due to heavy rain. One does not generally come out without compulsion. The common people cannot attend their respective places in time. If anybody wants to go outside, he has to take an umbrella with him. The poor and the day laborers do not like a rainy day. They cannot go out to earn their living. Their suffering know no bounds. They go on starving. A rainy day is most welcomed to the students, as they have no classes in the school. A rainy day brings joyous mood to the young boys of the same age and they are seen to bathe in rainwater with merriment. People pass the boy in listening to music, watching videocassettes, reading novels. Those who have imaginary bent of mind enjoy the beauty of nature being drenched in rains. The cloudy sky lets loose their emotions. A rainy day has good effect on the soil. It helps plants grow, flowers bloom and nature looks fresh and beautiful. However, a rainy day is welcomed after the baking heat of summer.

A Railway Station

A Railway Station

A railway station is place where trains stop for the passengers to get into and get off from the train. It is a busy place. It becomes very busy because of the arrival of trains. Here the passengers are found to stand in a queue to collect their tickets in front of the ticket counter. A big station is always crowded with passengers, hawkers, and posters. There are bookstalls, book-sellers and waiting rooms in such a stations. Vendors shout their trade cries. When a train reaches at the station, the passengers hurry to get off from the train. At the same time passengers waiting for the train want to get into the train. As a result, a collision of two groups of passengers takes place. The whistling sound of the departing train creates a situation of vacuum in the minds of the passengers. When the train leaves the station, it becomes deserted and buzzing sound of the passengers ends. A railway station is often a den for the anti-social elements. It is a suitable place for the beggars to carry on their trade. It is an unhygienic place too. The authority should look into it.

A Winter Morning

A Winter Morning

A winter morning is a time when it falls cold and gets biting cold. This morning is very beneficial to the protection and preservation of man’s health. The mists gather in drops upon the leaves of trees or the blades of grass. They look like pearls as they glitter in the rays of the morning sun. A winter morning is sometimes heinous to the poor, as they have nothing to wear for protecting biting cold. Winter morning is a curse for old and poor people and they are obedient to bask in the sun in this morning. A winter morning presents us different sights of including basking, getting sunlight to warm body and what not. Village children hardly have warm clothes. So they make fire with straw, sit around and enjoy the heat. Apart from this, a winter morning presents us sweet, juice of the date, fresh vegetables and fresh natural foods. People who have morning work get up early in the morning, as they are interested to enjoy morning best on the bed in the lap of warm cloths and wrapper. Really the diversity that we observe in the winter morning sometimes stirs us or sometimes elates us.

A Street Beggar

A Street Beggar

The man who begs alms in roads and streets is called street beggar. A street beggar is a familiar figure in our country.  He is usually seen to beg standing by the roadside .He is a very poor man and lives on begging. Usually he is physically deformed and thus lives on others charity. He is seen always in rugged clothes and is dirty. He carries a bowl with him. Whenever a street beggar sees a passer-by, he begs alms by spreading the bowl towards the passer-by. If he gets any alms, he becomes happy and prays for the person who has given him alms. All the streets beggar have their own way of lie and mode of approaching for alms. He tries his best to draw the sympathy of the passers-by with his peculiar voice. He often recites from the Holy Quran and tries to draw other’s attention. Sometimes he uses his tricks to earn more. He leads a very deplorable life. He lives from hands to mouth. He can not give good education to his children. He leads a life of sufferings and pains. He is born unsung, remain unsung and die unsung.We should mercy by giving alms to a street beggar who is unable to work and consequently fails to maintain himself or his family.

School Magazine

 School Magazine

A school magazine is a kind of periodical publication, which contains the writings and contributions the students and the teachers in a school. Every school publishes a school magazine every year. At first, a committee is formed for publishing the magazine. Then the committee asks the learners and the teachers to send their writings. The editor then corrects the writings. They select the publishable writings. The school magazine is generally open to all teachers and famous person outside the school is allowed to write in it. It also contains messages from the headmaster, assistant headmaster and the chairman of the school managing committee. There are short stories, poems, essays, verses, jokes, riddles and other writings related to studies, sports and cultural activities of the school. It often contains album of photography. A school magazine can play a vital role in improving the young learner’s habit of reading and writing. It can develop the students’ interest in literature. It stimulates their imagination and develops their creative powers. It is a mirror of the school. It adds to the glory and honor of the school.

Exam strategy

Exam strategy

Exam strategy means examination skill. When examination approaches, students begin to plan because 50% chances of success rely on examination skill rather than subject knowledge. A student should check and double-check the examination schedule and he should also check what he is allowed or not allowed to take in with him the day before exam. Budgeting time and avoiding elaborate answers unnecessary are also part of our exam strategies after getting the questions paper, he should read it carefully. It is better to read through the whole question paper before starting to write.  It is again useful to spend time at least five minutes each question thinking about and planning answers. At first glance the questions may seem difficult, but it becomes gradually easier. A student should attempt all the questions to get good marks. It is also useful to underline the key words in the questions to help the examiner to know what he is required to do. He should also check back to make sure whether he is writing what he should write. He should always remember that his handwriting should be clear and legible. If one follows the exam tips on the exam day, he or she wins his or her chances of success.

The Green House Effect

The Green House Effect

Green House Effect means gradual warming of the earth’s atmosphere. If the concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere continues to increase at the present rate then the green house effect rises in the earth. The global warming is caused by the accumulation of certain gases, the carbon di-oxide, CFC Methane and Nitric Acid around the world. The presence of these gases to a large degree is making the ozone layer of the earth’s atmosphere thinner day by day. At this, the ultra violet ray of the sun can easily penetrate the atmosphere of the earth. The increasing numbers of engine vehicles are increasing Carbon Dy oxide gas, which is making hole in the Ozone Layer. There will be a dramatic change in the climate and topography of the earth. This will reduce our ability to grow food and severely damage wild life, raise sea levels and thereby submerge the costal areas. There will be drought through out the world. Many creatures will be on the verge of extinction. Modern science is helping us to keep peace with congenial atmosphere. We must follow the guidelines to create better environment and save life on this beautiful planet.

Visit to a historical palace

 Visit to a  historical palace 

Man is not satisfied with what he has seen and known. A visit to a place of historical interest is really interesting and attractive. Dhaka is a place of historical interest. If the visit takes place on any place of historical importance, it becomes really an enjoyable one with educative value. During the last summer vacation I, along with some of my friends, decided to go to savar to see the National Memorial. Accordingly we fixed a date and started our journey from Gabtali to savar at 10 p.m. by bus. We reached savar, near National Memorial just after 45 minute. Actually the National Memorial at savar is the symbol of the nation’s  respect for the martyrs of the war of liberation. It contains the history of our independence. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It stands 150 feet tall, but every Marty it stands for stands so much taller. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. The foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the victory day. Reaching there we felt a great respect to the freedom fighters who sacrificed their valuable lives for us. We took some snaps taking the view of the memorial. However, we visited the place and the surrounding area for about an hour. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters just close to the tower. However, we left the place paying our glowing tribute to the freedom fighters. Through this visit we experienced a lot.

Dengue fever

Dengue fever

Dengue is a viral fever. Its virus is carried by Ades. Ades is a large mosquito. It is of two types. One is Aegyptic and the other is Alecopiptus. It lays eggs on stagnant water of pots and containers. This mosquito spreads dengue fever. This fever is of two kinds, One is classical and the other is hemorrhagic. The dengue affected person shows some symptoms. He/she feels severe pain in muscle and bone. His/her bodily temperature goes up from 104° to 105°F. He/she feels like vomiting. Rash is seen on the body after three or four days of the attack of fever. By throwing away the standing and transparent water of pots, vases and containers we can prevent this mosquito. Besides, by keeping environment neat and clean, we can prevent this mosquito.

A Village Doctor

A Village Doctor

A person who treats the poor villagers is a village doctor. He is a familiar and prominent figure in the village. A village doctor gives treatment to the village patients  He has a great demand in the village. He is generally a quack. He does not know much about medicine. He works with a qualified doctor for a few years and receives training under him. Then he sets up a dispensary in his own village. He opens his dispensary early in the morning. He examines the patients in his own dispensary and supplies them with medicine. He stands by the villagers in times of danger. He goes out on a visit on private calls. He is an important man in the village. He has got a high position in the rural society as he pays the villagers a helpful service at any time. He is locally respected much. He treats his patients with a nominal fee from the patients. He does not mind if any one does not pay him .He is somewhat responsible for the health condition of the villagers. Therefore, he should be trained more practically by the government for the better treatment of the villagers.

A Tea Stall

A Tea Stall

A tea stall is a small shop where tea and other things are sold for the passers-by. It is a common place to all classes of people. It is usually found at the turn of the road, bus stands, railway stations, Bazer or even beside an office where the common people are available. It opens early in the morning and closes at late night. Biscuits, bread, bananas, and different kinds of handmade snacks are available there. A tea stall is furnished with some benches and tables. A boy is employed in a tea stall to serve the people. People who come to a tea stall usually do not leave it immediately after taking a cup of tea. People refresh themselves with a cup of tea in a tea stall. A tea stall is also a place where social disputes are settled. They mainly talk about politics and current affairs. This is why it is called a Mini Sangsad. Intact, tea stall is now –a-days an important place of social gathering and at the same time a place of charm for the common people. So a tea stall occupies an important place in our day-to-day life.

A School Library

  A School Library

A library is a storehouse of knowledge.  Library satisfies our eternal knowledge of the unknown and the unseen. A library plays an important role in the realm of knowledge. A library is a part and parcel of a school. No school is complete without library. Our school has a big library. It is housed in two separate two-storied building. The library has a good collection. There are many almirahs. The books are arranged in different shelves according to the subjects. The reading room and the office room of the librarian are separate. The librarian has some assistants. There is a big reading room. The reading room is well furnished. When we take the help of a catalog, the assistants at once find the book and help us. We are issued library cards. We can borrow books after two weeks. In the reading room we can read as many as books as we like. Silence is must here. Nobody is allowed to make noise. I am proud of my school library.

The International Mother Language Day

 The International Mother Language Day

In the history of our country, people of the country have many days to remember. 21st February is mentionable one. The day is observed as the International Mother Language Day. It is a red letter day in our life. It has its own background. Our Language day, “Omor Ekushe February” was declared as International Mother Language Day by the UNESCO On November 17, 1999.This great occasion reminds us of those heroic sons of the soil who sacrificed their lives for the establishment our mother tongue ‘Bangla’ as the state language in 1952. Rafiq, Salam, Jabbar, Barkat were among those who sacrificed their lives for this great cause. On this day, at dawn people wearing black badges on their shoulders go to the “Shaheed Minar” barefooted with flowers to pay homage to the martyrs. They sing the mournful song “Amar vaiyer rokte rangano…….”. We observe the day to mark the importance of the day. It has great image and tradition in the country. This is a national holiday. We observe this day with due honour and dignity. The day is celebrated with proper status and amusement  all over the country. On the occasion of this day social, political and cultural organizations arrange different cultural functions. Newspapers bring out special supplements while radio and satellite television channels air special programmes. This day is a source of inspiration for us. We are proud of the day.

Baishakhi Mela

Baishakhi Mela

A Mela is  an occasional event. Baishakhi Mela is a fair held every year in the month of Baishakh amid great festivity and merriment. Baishakhi Mela is the reflection of the true picture of  Bangladesh. It is a part and parcel of Bengalee culture. Baishakhi Mela is such a celebration when the people of our country become together to welcome their culture without being drowned in the illusion of western culture. Bangladeshi having the taste of rich culture and tradition. The largest Baisahaki Mela of the country  is held at Ramana Batamul. People of all ages-poor and rich, children and adults, men and women, illiterate and educated of our country  participate in this Mela putting on traditional dresses and enjoy the best of it according to their area of interest. Peoples are gathered with carrying festoons, play cards Banners etc. It upraises the traditions and national heritage with assemblage of delicate woven clothes, potters, top, handicrafts, needle work and so on. One of the most attractive events is a lottery. It attracts the people of all ages. Huge numbers of people are seen in the lottery stalls. Bangladeshi foods are sold in small shopkeepers. Some shopkeepers sell artificial goods of our daily uses. Little boys and girls cry and make noise for their toys. Young, old and children visit the stall and buy different things with utmost enthusiasm. A cultural programmed is held in the Mela. A lot of singers sing Bengali traditional songs like Jari, Shari, Bhatiali,folk song.People also come to these functions with spontaneity and enthusiasm. In addition to these, people enjoy circus, merry go round and Jatra as special attractions. Such Melas go on all through the month and witness huge rush in the evening time and holidays.There fore, Baishakhi Mela is considered the most significant medium of expressing our sincerity to our culture, heritage and tradition and increase our fraternity.

A Birthday Party

A Birthday Party

The day, in which a man is born, is celebrated as birthday to make it memorable. In our country rich people are seen to celebrate this day festively .In this day, the drawing room is beautifully decorated. Friends, relatives, well wishers are invited on this occasion. A special cake is ordered for celebrating this day. Besides, different kinds of delicious dishes are prepared. At the appointed time the invited guests begin to come and are welcomed by the person for which the day is being celebrated. At the appointed time the time the person concerned merrily cuts the cake. A round of applause follows. Plates full of delicious food items are then handed round. Everybody falls to with a good deal of zest. The eating is accompanied by a lot of taking and giggling. Camera is clicked on. After the meal, jokes may be made. Then the presents given by the invited guests may be unpacked one by one. And the person concerned expresses his or her gratitude to the guests. And the party may be rounded off with a chorus “ Happy birthday to you”.